Awk

Basics

awk -F"," -v VAR=<value> '{<code}'

In awk: Use "," as field-separator and set VAR to <value>. With -v you can pass variables from the shell to the awk program.

awk '{ for(i = 1; i <= NF; i++) { print $i; } }'

Iterate over all fields

Standard variables

• NF Number of fields on the line
• FS The field seperator (default is whitespace)
• $0 The entire line
• $1 First field in line

a=length(field)

Get the length of a field.

Arrays

Arrays can have named keys, and work a bit like a python dict or Perl hashes.

Output each string found in the array <ar> only 1 time.

{
 split($2,ar,"/")
 dict[ar[1]] = 1
} END {
 for (key in dict) 
 {
  OUT=OUT" "key
 }
 print OUT
}

String manipulation

substr(<string>,<start>,<num>)

From <sting> return <num> characters, starting from <start>

n=split(var,ARR,<fs>)

Split var in array ARR, n holds the number of elements in ARR, <fs> is the field separator, if not given the variable FS is used as field separator (default white space).

Default action of awk for read line is:

NF=split(var,ARR," ")
NR++
$0=var
for ( i=1 ; i<=NF ; i++ ) {
 $i=ARR[i]
}

gsub(<regexp>,<string>,<variable>)

Replace <regexp> with <string> in <variable>. Return number of replacements.

<variable> is modified.

printf "%-10s %05d\n", $1, $2

Format output like in Python:Strings#Advanced

Calculations

Print average of field 4 for all records in <file> containing 'GW'

awk 'BEGIN {}
/GW/ {GW+=$4}
END {print GW/NR}' <file>

Matching

/<pattern>/ {code}

Execute code if the current line matches <pattern>

var ~ /<pattern>/ {code}

Execute code if var matches <pattern>

!~ to negate the match

Control statements

||

or

&&

and

If ( VAR == <value> ) { <stat> } else { <stat> }

The if, then, else construction

if (n)

if (n != 0)

If n is not equal to zero

(n<5)*2

if n < 5 this returns 10, else 0

for (var in ARR) { print ARR[var] }

Read all indexes of ARR in arbitrary order.

if (var in ARR) { print ARR[var] }

Check if index var is in ARR

if (ARR[var] == "" )

Check if index var has a value

for (init;test;incr)

Loop, start with init, as long as test is true, after the statements incr num

for (num=10;num<=100:num++) {
print num
}

function NAME (par,par,..)

Create a function. Parameters of the functions are local. All local variables should be defined as parameter to avoid overwriting a global variable. Overwriting a global variable on the other hand is a way to return results of the function.

return <value>

End of function and give it a return value

Magic

gawk '{if (NR%3 == 0) {print p$0;p=""}else{p=p$0}}'

Combine lines per 3 (Basic code found on stackoverflow [1])